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OpenWrt System Maintenance and Troubleshooting

Document Scope: Daily maintenance, monitoring setup, and troubleshooting practices for Raspberry Pi + ImmortalWrt.

Table of Contents

System Information

Hardware

  • Device: Raspberry Pi 4B (aarch64_cortex-a72)
  • System: ImmortalWrt 24.10.3 r33451-5531f6bc76a3
  • Memory: 4GB
  • Storage: 32GB SD card

Network

  • LAN IP: 192.168.1.1
  • SSH Port: 22
  • Web UI: http://192.168.1.1

Automated Monitoring

Three scripts are used to keep the system stable.

1. Health Monitor (every 30 minutes)

  • Script: /root/health_monitor.sh
  • Checks:
    • Memory usage alert (>90%)
    • Service status (openclash, uhttpd, network, dnsmasq)
    • Connection count alert (>1000)
    • Auto-restart if service is unhealthy

Check logs:

tail -50 /root/health_monitor.log

2. LuCI Watchdog (every 5 minutes)

  • Script: /root/luci_watchdog.sh
  • Checks:
    • uhttpd process
    • LuCI CGI executable status
    • HTTP response
    • Permission and service auto-fix

Check logs:

tail -50 /root/luci_watchdog.log

3. Smart Backup (daily, on-demand backup logic)

  • Script: /root/smart_backup.sh
  • Core features:
    • Backup only when /etc/config changes
    • Extract config files for Git diff/history
    • Auto commit message generation
    • Save both restore package (.tar.gz) and plain config snapshot
    • Local and remote retention strategy

Check logs:

tail -50 /root/smart_backup.log

Run backup manually:

/root/smart_backup.sh

Suggested Scheduling

  1. Crontab
# Run smart backup every day at 15:00
0 15 * * * /root/smart_backup.sh
  1. Boot-time self-check (/etc/rc.local)
# Add before exit 0
/root/smart_backup.sh &
  1. Inspect current cron jobs
crontab -l

Troubleshooting

haproxy Crash Loop

Symptom:

  • System log shows haproxy::instance1 is in a crash loop

Fix (if you do not need load balancing):

/etc/init.d/haproxy stop
/etc/init.d/haproxy disable

Verify:

/etc/init.d/haproxy enabled && echo "enabled" || echo "disabled"

Wi-Fi Connected But No Internet

# 1) Check OpenClash status
/etc/init.d/openclash status

# 2) Restart OpenClash
/etc/init.d/openclash restart

# 3) Test DNS
nslookup google.com

# 4) Check related logs
logread | grep -i "openclash\\|error"

LuCI Web UI Not Accessible

# 1) Check uhttpd
/etc/init.d/uhttpd status

# 2) Process check
pgrep uhttpd

# 3) LuCI CGI permission
ls -la /www/cgi-bin/luci
chmod +x /www/cgi-bin/luci

# 4) Restart uhttpd
/etc/init.d/uhttpd restart

# 5) Watchdog log
tail -20 /root/luci_watchdog.log

Performance Inspection

# Uptime and load
uptime

# Memory
free -h

# Disk usage
df -h

# CPU temperature (divide by 1000)
cat /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp

# Running services
ls /etc/rc.d/ | grep "^S"

# Recent system logs
logread | tail -50

# Top memory consumers
ps aux | sort -k4 -r | head -10

SD Card Lifetime Optimization

Partition Overview (example)

Total:      32GB (29.72 GiB)
Partition1: 64MB   boot
Partition2: 300MB  rootfs (read-only)
Partition3: 10GB   overlay (writable user data)
Unallocated: ~20GB

Why only 10GB writable?

  • This is a common default layout in ImmortalWrt images.
  • It is enough for typical router usage.
  • Remaining space is unused until you expand manually.

Expand overlay (if needed):

# After extending partition 3 with fdisk:
resize2fs /dev/mmcblk0p3

Endurance Estimate

  • Typical SD endurance assumption: ~320GB TBW
  • Daily writes (optimized): around 65MB/day
  • Estimated lifetime: 10+ years under normal usage

Optimization Checklist

  1. Keep local backup retention small (for example, latest 3 archives).
  2. Use tmpfs-based intermediate operations where possible.
  3. Avoid unnecessary full reboots; restart services instead.
  4. Rotate or trim logs periodically.

Optional log cleanup:

> /root/health_monitor.log
> /root/luci_watchdog.log
> /root/smart_backup.log

Routine Maintenance

Weekly

tail -100 /root/health_monitor.log
tail -100 /root/luci_watchdog.log
logread | tail -100
df -h
free -h
/etc/init.d/openclash status
/etc/init.d/uhttpd status

Monthly

# Check backup repository status
# (replace with your own repo URL)

# Optional log cleanup
> /root/health_monitor.log
> /root/luci_watchdog.log
> /root/smart_backup.log

# Check package updates
opkg update
opkg list-upgradable

# Check uptime
uptime

Quick Reference Commands

Service Management

# OpenClash
/etc/init.d/openclash start|stop|restart|status

# LuCI
/etc/init.d/uhttpd start|stop|restart|status

# Network
/etc/init.d/network restart

# DNS/DHCP
/etc/init.d/dnsmasq restart

System Operations

# Reboot
reboot

# Release info
cat /etc/openwrt_release
uname -a

# Network info
ifconfig
ip addr show

Backup Commands

# Manual backup
/root/smart_backup.sh

# Backup log
tail -50 /root/smart_backup.log

Important Paths

/root/
├── health_monitor.sh
├── health_monitor.log
├── luci_watchdog.sh
├── luci_watchdog.log
├── smart_backup.sh
├── smart_backup.log
└── immortalwrt-backup/

/etc/
├── config/
├── openclash/
└── init.d/

/var/log/

Support

  • SSH: ssh root@192.168.1.1
  • Web UI: http://192.168.1.1
  • Backup repository: https://github.com/Ronchy2000/Immortalwrt-AutoBackup